ࡱ> $&!"# ^bjbj DV 8 8 {{{{{8l3]:77777:::::::5=?:{:{{77:{7{7::6P6870079-:0]:L7@X@88@{8::]:@8 A:  Master Syllabus Course: ECO231 Principles of Microeconomics Cluster Requirement: 4B The Nature of US Society This University Studies Master Syllabus serves as a guide and standard for all instructors teaching an approved in the University Studies program. Individual instructors have full academic freedom in teaching their courses, but as a condition of course approval, agree to focus on the outcomes listed below, to cover the identified material, to use these or comparable assignments as part of the course work, and to make available the agreed-upon artifacts for assessment of learning outcomes. Course Overview: Economics is the study of how society uses its scarce resources to meet unlimited wants. This inherent tension resulting from scarcity prompts individuals to make decisions by comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs, which is the core of microeconomics. The concept of opportunity cost is integral to this decision-making process. Upon completion of this course, students will understand the method and impact of decision-making by firms, consumers, workers, and policymakers. Specific topics include: supply and demand analysis; elasticity; externalities; government intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies, price ceilings, price floors; short and long run costs; and the differences in the four major industry types, perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Learning Outcomes: Course-Specific Learning Outcomes: After completing this course, students will be able to: 1. Compute and compare opportunity costs of different decision-makers to determine the most efficient specialization of production. 2. Predict and evaluate consumption and production decisions by comparing marginal benefits with marginal costs. 3. Assess the tradeoff between equity and efficiency and compare the benefits and costs of policies intended to improve efficiency or equity. 4. Discuss, compute, and illustrate graphically the effects of changes in the determinants of demand and supply on the market equilibrium price and quantity. 5. Calculate price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, cross price elasticity, and income elasticity. 6. Interpret elasticity values and evaluate consumers' decisions based on their elasticities. 7. Explain, compute, and illustrate graphically consumer and producer surplus and deadweight loss. 8. Evaluate the effects of various forms of government intervention, including taxes, subsidies, price ceilings, and price floors, on a market. 9. Recommend and illustrate graphically government interventions to solve externality problems. 10. Distinguish explicit and implicit costs and solve for a firm's accounting profit and economic profit. 11. Explain, compute, and illustrate graphically the relationships between a firm's output and its primary inputs, labor and capital. 12. Explain, calculate, and illustrate graphically a firm's total, average, and marginal costs of production. 13. List and classify the four major market models by number of firms, heterogeneity of products, price-setting ability, and ease of entry. 14. Sketch graphs for firms in all four market models and discriminate between the four market models. 15. Solve production problems for firms in all four market models to determine maximum profit or minimum loss and judge whether the firm should continue producing or shut down in the short run, exit or remain in the industry in the long run. University Studies Learning Outcomes: After completing this course, students will be able to: 1. Explain: c) the different facets of citizenship in the United States. 2. Locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources. 3. Evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. Examples of Texts and/or Assigned Readings: Mankiw, N. Gregory. 2012. Principles of Microeconomics. South-Western Cengage. ISBN: 0538453044 Parkin, Michael. 2012. Microeconomics, 10th edition, Prentice Hall ISBN: 0131394258 Aplia.com Example Assignments: Individual instructors will choose from among these assignments, which are designed to fulfill the university studies learning outcomes but also allow some flexibility for individual sections of the class in terms of topic, placement throughout the semester, and mode of delivery. Assignment 1 There's no such thing as a free lunch. Society faces tradeoffs in every decision. One of the most important tradeoffs is between equity and efficiency. Explain the difference between equity and efficiency and debate the value of focusing public policy on one or the other, using examples from current policy debates. This assignment could take several forms, each producing an artifact for assessment. Some examples are: Individually written short papers Small group assignment with each group assigned one side of the debate followed by in-class debate presentations. The PowerPoint slides and/or preparatory notes developed by the students would serve as the artifact. In a blended or fully online class, this assignment could take the form of a discussion board or wiki. This assignment addresses all three university studies learning outcomes. Equity vs efficiency is an ongoing debate that permeates many facets of public policy and what it is to be a citizen in the US. Do we have an obligation to take care of the less fortunate members of our society and try to equalize the distribution of income or should we allow those who are most prosperous to keep all of the fruits of their labor? The content of the artifacts described above will show students consideration of these different facets of citizenship in the US. The assignment requires students to locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources to formulate their arguments. The artifacts described above would provide measurable evidence of whether students are satisfying this learning outcome. The assignment most obviously fulfills the learning outcome requiring students to evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. To debate the issue, students will have to become informed of both sides and assess both perspectives. Again, the content of the artifacts will serve as a measurable assessment of whether this learning objective has been met. Specific Example of the Questions and Rubric Consider an ongoing tax policy debate. One side argues for increasing personal income tax rates on the wealthy so the government can redistribute the tax revenue to the poor. The other side argues for reduced tax rates because when people retain a greater share of their income, they are more motivated to work, increasing overall production and prosperity in the economy. Using a minimum of 3 approved sources (articles from major news outlets, academic journal articles, textbooks), write a 2-3 page paper answering the following questions. What is equity? What is efficiency? What is the fundamental tradeoff between equity and efficiency? Present the arguments on both sides of the tax policy debate in the context of the tradeoffs between equity and efficiency. Do we, as US citizens, have an obligation to take care of the less fortunate members of our society and try to equalize the distribution of income or should we allow those who are most prosperous to keep all of the fruits of their labor? Source documentation should be parenthetical (e.g. Smith 2010) and a list of sources must be included at the end of the paper. Target Learning Objectives: Course Specific 3. Assess the tradeoff between equity and efficiency and compare the benefits and costs of policies intended to improve efficiency or equity. University Studies 1. Explain: c) the different facets of citizenship in the United States. 2. Locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources. 3. Evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. Rubric CriteriaExceptional (5 pts)Meets Expectations (3 pts)Needs Improvement (0 pts) Equity vs. Efficiency  Clearly and thoroughly explains the terms equity and efficiency and illustrates a complete understanding of the tradeoff between them.  Clearly explains the terms equity and efficiency and shows some understanding of the tradeoff between them.  Does not clearly explain the terms equity and/or efficiency and/or does not show some understanding of the tradeoff between them. Policy Evaluation  Clearly and thoroughly explains the tax policy debate, covering most or all major policy implications.  Briefly explains the tax policy debate, missing 2 or more major policy implications. Does not explain the tax policy debate or response is not coherent.  Obligations of US Citizens vs. Rewarding Success  Answers the question of obligation of US citizens vs. rewarding success thoroughly and with support. Response shows an understanding of the tradeoffs and articulates a preference in the context of what it means to be a US citizen.  Answers the question of obligation of US citizens vs. rewarding success briefly and/or without support. Response does not include the context of what it means to be a US citizen. Does not answer the question of obligation of US citizens vs. rewarding success or response is not coherent.  Research and Incorporation of Evidence from Sources Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Writing shows evidence of synthesis of source material, which contributes to the explanation of tradeoffs between equity and efficiency  Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Source material adds to the explanation of the ideas in the paper, but is not explained or the links are not clearly articulated. Uses fewer than 3 approved sources, and/or does not properly document source material. Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar, and Style Errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar are rare and style is formal and professional. There are some errors in spelling, punctuation, and/or grammar and/or style is too informal. There are 5 or more errors in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation and/or style is inappropriate.  Assignment 2 Choose a current public policy issue discussed in class. Find a minimum of three periodical articles from major news sources or business publications on the topic. Write a 2-3 page paper that includes an explanation of the economic issue, a brief summary of the perspectives set forth in the articles, and an analysis of the issue using the tools discussed in class. Specific topics of this assignment could be tax policy, minimum wage, healthcare, others. This assignment addresses all three University Studies learning outcomes as it explores different facets of citizenship, requires each of the action verbs listed in the second outcome, and the nature of the paper is an evaluation of arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. Specific Example of the Questions and Rubric Using a minimum of 3 approved sources (articles from major news outlets, academic journal articles, textbooks), write a 2-3 page paper answering the following questions regarding minimum wage. What are the benefits of increasing the minimum wage? What are the costs of increasing the minimum wage? Compare the effects of the minimum wage in states with minimum wage laws significantly different from the national minimum wage. Source documentation should be parenthetical (e.g. Smith 2010) and a list of sources must be included at the end of the paper. Target Learning Objectives: Course Specific 3. Assess the tradeoff between equity and efficiency and compare the benefits and costs of policies intended to improve efficiency or equity. 8. Evaluate the effects of various forms of government intervention, including taxes, subsidies, price ceilings, and price floors, on a market. University Studies 1. Explain: c) the different facets of citizenship in the United States. 2. Locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources. 3. Evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. Rubric CriteriaExceptional (5 pts)Meets Expectations (3 pts)Needs Improvement (0 pts) Benefits and Costs of Minimum Wage  Clearly and thoroughly explains the benefits and costs of increasing the minimum wage including at least 3 widely accepted and supported arguments on each side.  Explains the benefits and costs of increasing the minimum wage including fewer than three widely accepted and supported arguments on each side.  Does not clearly explain the benefits and costs of increasing the minimum wage and/or the arguments made are not widely accepted and/or supported. Policy Evaluation - Effects of Different Minimum Wage Laws  Uses evidence from research to evaluate effects of different minimum wage laws across states. Evaluation is cohesive and thorough  Provides a brief evaluation of the effects of different minimum wage laws. Evaluation is based on research but is not thorough. Does not evaluate the effects of different minimum wage laws or the response is not coherent.  Research and Incorporation of Evidence from Sources Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Writing shows evidence of synthesis of source material, which contributes to the explanation of tradeoffs between equity and efficiency  Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Source material adds to the explanation of the ideas in the paper, but is not explained or the links are not clearly articulated. Uses fewer than 3 approved sources, and/or does not properly document source material. Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar, and Style Errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar are rare and style is formal and professional. There are some errors in spelling, punctuation, and/or grammar and/or style is too informal. There are 5 or more errors in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation and/or style is inappropriate.  Assignment 3 As citizens of the US, we elect policymakers to act on our behalf and institute thoughtful policies and regulations. With regard to healthcare/taxes/regulation on industries/environmental policy, assess the role of government as compared to the role of private market decisions. This assignment could take several forms, each producing an artifact for assessment. Some examples are: Individually written short papers Small group assignment with each group assigned one side of the debate followed by in-class debate presentations. The PowerPoint slides would serve as the artifact. In a blended or fully online class, this assignment could take the form of a discussion board or wiki. This assignment addresses all three university studies learning outcomes. The content of the artifacts described above will show students consideration of whether markets should be allowed to operate freely or government intervention will help the market operate more efficiently. Citizens' right to vote for elected officials and vote on some specific ballot measures is an integral aspect of citizenship in the US. The assignment requires students to locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources to formulate their arguments. The artifacts described above would provide measurable evidence of whether students are satisfying this learning outcome. The assignment most obviously fulfills the learning outcome requiring students to evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. To debate the issue, students will have to become informed of both sides and assess both perspectives. Again, the content of the artifacts will serve as a measurable assessment of whether this learning objective has been met. Specific Example of the Questions and Rubric Government Intervention Discussion Board Using a minimum of 3 approved sources (articles from major news outlets, academic journal articles, textbooks), post an original 4-5 well-developed paragraph response to the questions below by Thursday, Oct 27 at 11:00pm and respond to at least two classmates' responses by Sunday, Oct 30 at 11:00pm. Source documentation should be parenthetical (e.g. Smith 2010) and a list of sources must be included at the end of the initial post. Research a good or service that creates a positive or negative externality. Explain the good or service and the corresponding externality that it creates. Propose a form of government intervention to correct this externality or explain the form of government intervention that already exists. If there is existing government intervention, does it correct the externality problem? Propose a market-based solution that would fix for the problem rather than government intervention. Evaluate the expected effectiveness of your market-based solution compared to government intervention. Target Learning Objectives: Course Specific 8. Evaluate the effects of various forms of government intervention, including taxes, subsidies, price ceilings, and price floors, on a market. 9. Recommend and illustrate graphically government interventions to solve externality problems. University Studies 1. Explain: c) the different facets of citizenship in the United States. 2. Locate, analyze, summarize, paraphrase and synthesize material from a variety of sources. 3. Evaluate arguments made in support of different perspectives on US society. Rubric CriteriaExceptional (5 pts)Meets Expectations (3 pts)Needs Improvement (0 pts) Externality  Good or service chosen does cause an externality and the externality is accurately and thoroughly described.  Good or service chosen does cause an externality and the externality is correctly but briefly described. Good or service does not cause an externality and/or externality is not correctly. Government Intervention  Explanation or proposal of government intervention plausibly internalizes the externality. The post provides a convincing and supported argument that this is the most appropriate solution to the problem.  Explanation or proposal of government intervention plausibly internalizes the externality. The post does not provide a convincing and/or supported argument that this is the most appropriate solution to the problem.  Policy response does not/would not plausibly internalize the externality problem.  Comparison of market based solution to government intervention  Compares the market-based solution with government intervention thoroughly and with support. Response shows an understanding of the tradeoffs and articulates a preference based on expected effectiveness.  Compares the market-based solution with government intervention briefly and/or without support. Response does not include a preference based on expected effectiveness. Does not compare the market-based solution with government intervention or response is not coherent.  Research and Incorporation of Evidence from Sources Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Writing shows evidence of synthesis of source material, which contributes to the explanation of the externality and solutions.  Incorporates and properly documents evidence from 3 or more approved sources. Source material adds to the explanation of the ideas in the post, but is not explained or the links are not clearly articulated. Uses fewer than 3 approved sources, and/or does not properly document source material. Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar, and Style Errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar are rare and style is formal and professional. There are some errors in spelling, punctuation, and/or grammar and/or style is too informal. There are 5 or more errors in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation and/or style is inappropriate.  Sample Course Outline: Unit 1 Introduction to Economic Decision-Making Week 1: What is economics, ceteris paribus, microeconomics vs. macroeconomics, positive and normative economics, factors of production, efficiency, circular flow model Week 2: Production possibilities curve, law of increasing opportunity cost, marginal opportunity cost, absolute advantage, comparative advantage Unit 2 Introduction to Markets Week 3: Markets, demand, law of diminishing marginal utility, income effect and substitution effect, determinants of demand, shifting demand curve vs. moving along the demand curve Week 4: Supply, determinants of supply, shifting supply curve vs. moving along the supply curve, market equilibrium, comparative statics Week 5: Price elasticity of demand, midpoint formula, total revenue test, price elasticity of supply, cross elasticity of demand, income elasticity Unit 3 Public Policy and Public Good Week 6: Price floors and price ceilings, shortages and surpluses, consumer and producer surplus, deadweight loss Week 7: Effects of taxation, deadweight loss and tax revenue as a function of elasticity Week 8: Externality, Coase theorem, rivalry, excludability, public goods, free rider problem, common resources, Tragedy of the Commons Unit 4 Production Theory Week 9: Explicit and implicit costs, economic vs. accounting profit, short run vs. long run, short run production relationships Week 10: Fixed costs vs. variable costs, total cost, average cost, marginal cost, long run production costs, economies of scale Unit 5 4 Major Market Models Week 11: Overview of four market models, perfect competition, perfectly elastic demand curve, profit maximization rule Week 12: Break even and shut down points, long run equilibrium, constant-, increasing-, and decreasing- cost industries Week 13: Pure monopoly, barriers to entry, monopoly demand and marginal revenue, price discrimination, regulation options for natural monopolies, antitrust laws Week 14: Monopolistic competition, excess capacity, advertising, adjustment to long run equilibrium Week 15: Oligopoly, industry concentration, cartels, game theory and prisoner's dilemma     ?@Upqrv ! 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